月度归档： 2024 年 3 月

Pork and fruit ＂rising again＂ expert： there is no inflation risk.

　　Since the beginning of this year, China has continued to promote supply-side structural reforms, increased tax reduction and fee reduction, rationalized the price formation mechanism in important areas, maintained a balance between market supply and demand, lowered inflation expectations, and moderately fluctuated consumer prices. At present, the overall price level has maintained a stable operation trend, which indicates that the economic operation is stable and good, creating a good environment for promoting high-quality economic development.

　　Recently, there has been a strong expectation that the prices of pork, fruit and other foods will rise. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics not long ago, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.0% in the first four months of this year. Among them, in April, the CPI rose by 2.5% year-on-year, and it was in the "2 era" for two consecutive months.

　　In an interview with Economic Daily China Economic Net, relevant experts said that, on the whole, since the beginning of this year, China has continued to promote supply-side structural reforms, increased tax reduction and fee reduction, rationalized the price formation mechanism in important areas, maintained a balance between market supply and demand, lowered inflation expectations, and moderately fluctuated consumer prices. At present, the overall price level has maintained a stable operation trend, which indicates that the economic operation is stable and good, creating a good environment for promoting high-quality economic development.

　　There has been a structural increase in prices.

　　In the first four months of this year, CPI rose by 1.7%, 1.5%, 2.3% and 2.5% respectively, and the monthly year-on-year increase showed a steady upward trend in moderate fluctuations. Among them, in the last two months, the year-on-year increase in prices has increased, entering the "2 era."

　　Liu Aihua, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, believes that the CPI rose by 2.5% year-on-year in April this year, mainly due to the increase of individual varieties. Among them, pork, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits all increased by more than 10% year-on-year.

　　"Overall, despite the increase in CPI in the last two months, it is significantly lower than the control target of 3%, and it is mainly affected by factors such as the base of the previous year, the hikes and seasonality, showing structural upward characteristics and not having a comprehensive upward basis." Zhang Qianrong, deputy director of the Finance and Finance Research Office of the National Information Center, said.

　　Zhang Qianrong analyzed that in the first four months of this year, food prices rose by 3.2% year-on-year, which boosted CPI by 0.62 percentage points and contributed 29.7% to the CPI increase. Non-food prices rose by 1.7%, which boosted CPI by 1.48 percentage points and contributed 70.3%. The contribution rate of non-food prices to the price increase is obviously higher than that of food. Although the recent increase in pork prices has led to an increase in food prices, non-food prices have remained stable as a whole, and prices do not have the basis for an overall increase.

　　"At present, China’s price increase is at a medium level on a global scale. From an international perspective, China’s price increase is slightly higher than that of developed economies such as the United States and the European Union, and significantly lower than that of BRICS countries such as Russia, which is at a medium level in the world. " Zhang Qianrong said.

　　The data shows that in the first quarter of this year, the US CPI rose by 1.7% year-on-year, while the EU harmonized CPI rose by 1.6%, slightly lower than that of China. India’s CPI rose by 7.1%, Russia’s by 5.2%, South Africa’s by 4.2% and Brazil’s by 4.2%, which was significantly higher than China’s CPI.

　　It is worth noting that in the first four months of this year, the national producer price index (PPI) rose by 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.9% respectively, with a slight year-on-year increase.

　　Zhang Qianrong said that the increase in PPI was mainly affected by factors such as the rise in international oil prices and the negative increase in the same period last year. Since the beginning of this year, the increase of PPI is lower than that of CPI, and the upstream and downstream price trends are upside down.

　　Pork supply is relatively abundant.

　　In April, the price of pork rose by 14.4%, an increase of 9.3 percentage points over the previous month, which affected the year-on-year increase of CPI by about 0.31 percentage points.

　　Relevant data show that in the first ten days of March this year, the price of white pigs rose continuously and rapidly. On March 1st, the average wholesale price of striped pigs in Beijing Xinfadi Market was 7.28 yuan/kg, but on March 10th, the price rose to 9.45 yuan/kg, and the price rose by 29.90% in 10 days, which was quite obvious. Since then, the price has fluctuated slightly.

　　"Overall, pork prices have changed little in the past 60 days. In other words, after the price of meat reached a higher level in mid-March, it showed a weak trend. " Liu Tong, director of statistics department of Beijing Xinfadi agricultural products wholesale market, said.

　　Liu Tong analyzed that in the first ten days of March, the price of pork rose significantly, which was the expected increase in advance. From the market situation, in the first week of March, the average daily market volume of white pigs increased by 10% from the previous week and 15% from the same period of last year, and there was no shortage of supply. In this case, the increase in meat prices mainly comes from the thrust outside the market, especially the data released by some institutions show that the stock of fertile sows has decreased, which provides conditions for the bottom rebound of meat prices.

　　"The increase or decrease in the number of fertile sows reflects that there is a certain lag period in the supply capacity and price, and the insiders call this lag period ‘ Cobweb effect ’ . In other words, the supply of pigs in the second half of 2019 may show ‘ Tight equilibrium ’ State, meat prices will rise. Therefore, the rise in early March is an early rise. " Liu Tong analyzed that after the release of relevant data, most forecasts tend to show that the pig price will reach an all-time high. This expectation has played a strong role in fueling the rise in meat prices.

　　Liu Tong said that in fact, the number of pig heads with white stripes does not fully represent the supply of ketone bodies in pork. After the price of meat rose, the pig farm was filled with the emotion of waiting for the price to be sold, the time of keeping pigs in the pen was prolonged, and the single weight of pigs generally increased. In April 2019, the single weight of pigs generally increased by 10%. According to this calculation, the supply of pork in April this year exceeded the same period last year. If this phenomenon continues, when the number of pigs drops by 20% and the single weight of pigs increases by 20%, the decline in the number of pigs can be compensated by the increase of single weight, and the supply of pork is still relatively sufficient.

　　There is no inflation risk.

　　"Overall, whether it is from food or industrial consumer goods and services, there will be no sharp increase in CPI in the future, and prices will be stable and have a solid foundation." In response to the future trend of prices, Liu Aihua said.

　　Liu Aihua analyzed that, from the perspective of food prices, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits are short-term impacted by extreme weather factors, which is not sustainable, and pork prices have a certain resilience. With the gradual recovery of prices, farmers’ enthusiasm for replenishing the column will be correspondingly improved, which will play a stabilizing role in prices. From the perspective of non-food prices, the supply capacity of industrial products is sufficient, and there is no basis for a sharp increase. Although the increase in service prices is relatively high, it is generally stable.

　　"Overall, the factors that will support and curb price increases in the future are intertwined." Zhang Qianrong said. From the factors supporting the price increase, on the one hand, affected by African swine fever epidemic and other factors, the number of live pigs has declined, and pork prices have continued to rise. However, considering the strong overall supply capacity of pork in China, an early warning mechanism for pig price control has been established, and it is more likely that the pork price will increase in the later period, but it does not have the basis for a substantial increase; On the other hand, with the decline of demographic dividend, labor cost will become a long-term factor to push up prices.

　　On the one hand, since 2012, the increase of CPI in China has been less than 3%. Considering that residents’ inflation expectations are generally related to the previous price level, the current low price increase has reduced residents’ inflation expectations; On the other hand, China’s main industrial products are abundant in supply, with bumper harvests for many years, high grain and oil stocks, rapid development of service industry, strong supply capacity in various fields and strong price stability. In addition, with the continuous advancement of supply-side structural reforms, the operating costs of enterprises have been significantly reduced, providing a good policy environment for stabilizing prices.

　　Zhang Qianrong said that after preliminary calculation, the CPI hikes factor is about 0.7% and PPI hikes factor is about 0.1% in 2019. Considering the hikes and the above factors, it is expected that consumer prices in China will continue to rise moderately and steadily in 2019, with CPI rising by about 2.3% and PPI rising by about 1.0%. There is no inflation risk, and the pressure on price control is light.

Counterfeiter Wang Hai posted a post questioning the official response of Dalian in the investigation process of ＂100 acres of cherry tree death＂

　　Dalian, China, November 14 (Reporter Wang Song) On the 13th, professional counterfeiter Wang Hai posted on the Internet that since 2020, hundreds of acres of cherry trees have died after farmers used the cherry plant protection scheme of Dalian Dianlong Company; The post questioned the relevant investigation and disposal process of Dalian Agricultural and Rural Bureau. On the 14th, Dalian Agriculture and Rural Bureau answered the questions raised in Wang Hai’s release.

　　What Wang Hai posted on the Internet (screenshot)

　　Question 1: Excuse me, Director Xing Fang of Dalian Agriculture and Rural Bureau, why didn’t the special class set up by your bureau to deal with the death of cherry trees investigate the phytotoxicity of Dalian Dianlong Company?

　　In March, 2023, Dalian Special Class for Handling the Death of Cherry Tree in Wafangdian went deep into wafangdian city Dianlong Company, the involved enterprise, and investigated and verified 23 kinds of pesticides and 8 kinds of fertilizers sold since January 1, 2021 by consulting the sales ledger, checking the quality inspection report and taking samples for identification, and entrusted a third party to identify the quality of 15 kinds of pesticides in stock, and traced the quality inspection report of 8 kinds of pesticides and 8 kinds of fertilizers out of stock to the manufacturer. Judging from the inspection report and appraisal results, no quality problems have been found in the above pesticides and fertilizers sold by Dianlong Company.

　　On March 29th of the same year, the working class organized 7 experts from Northwest A&F University, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units to form an expert group, and went to relevant orchards to carry out on-site investigation, guide sampling and expert judgment (a total of 5 orchards). In response to the problem of "copper ion phytotoxicity" reflected by the whistleblower, according to the expert’s suggestion, the city sent the sampling samples to the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) for testing the total copper and glyphosate content (pesticide residues). On May 6, 2023, the expert group made a comprehensive judgment. According to the field investigation, identification test and test report, the conclusion was given: the main cause of the damage symptoms of cherry tree branches, roots and trunk bark was caused by fungal diseases.

　　Question 2: Since 2020, farmers have used the cherries of Dalian Dianlong Company to solve the plant protection scheme, and hundreds of acres of cherry trees have died one after another. You didn’t go to the scene investigation the first time you received the report, and didn’t set up a special work class until this year. Is there anything strange in this?

　　According to the working rules, after receiving the report, the relevant departments of the territory are responsible for the investigation. The incident occurred in September, 2022, and its territory was wafangdian city. The relevant departments of wafangdian city will deal with it as soon as possible according to the law. First, on October 11, 2022, wafangdian city Agriculture and Rural Bureau filed an investigation on Dianlong Company’s alleged unauthorized modification of two kinds of fertilizer labels, and finally imposed an administrative penalty of 20,000 yuan. The work class carefully checked the relevant files. The main facts of the case were clear, the evidence was conclusive, the law was accurately applied, and the law enforcement procedure was legal. Wafangdian city Municipal Market Supervision Bureau received five complaints from informants about Dianlong Company on September 2, September 15 and October 20, 2022, and all of them responded within the prescribed time limit.

　　In order to verify and supervise the territorial work, the Dalian Municipal Government set up a special work class in March 2023, and went deep into wafangdian city to carry out a 9-day investigation and verification work, forming a work report and reporting it to the Dalian Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. After that, it was reported to the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government in the form of documents of the municipal party committee and the municipal government.

　　Question 3: This special class has not been publicized, and it has not been declared whether it has an interest in the investigated object, no instruments and equipment, no appraisal qualification, and no opinions from farmers. What makes it clear that the cherry tree died of fungal infection?

　　According to the requirements of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC), "the internal affairs information of administrative organs, including personnel management, logistics management, internal workflow and other aspects, may not be disclosed". The work class is a temporary organization for government agencies to handle internal work. Members are all staff of relevant departments, and there is no need for publicity as required. The relevant experts hired are authoritative experts in China, and the relevant testing institutions entrusted are qualified. During the investigation, the working class visited relevant farmers and enterprises, and the expert group hired was based on the on-site investigation, appraisal test and test report.

　　Question 4: After filming the forehead, the special class only took samples from cherry trees that had been dead for one or two years, and also entrusted fruit trees without appraisal qualification to do experiments on whether fungi could cause the death of living trees. When entrusting, the disease is used to set the tone first, misleading the fruit trees to draw the wrong conclusion that they are not qualified at all. The bacteria in the corpse can kill people, which proves that this person was killed by bacteria? No matter how you die, it is common sense that all kinds of bacteria that cause death may be detected on rotting corpses. Is this experiment meaningful?

　　On March 29th, 2023, the municipal work special class organized an expert group to carry out an on-site investigation on the death of cherry trees. The expert group learned about the symptoms of cherry trees on the spot with growers, and guided the on-site sampling of damaged branches, roots, trunk bark and rhizosphere soil of cherry trees in orchards. After the on-site investigation, the expert group held the first working meeting, and then sent the samples to the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) for detection of total copper and glyphosate, and the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Xingcheng, Liaoning) for detection of pathogenic bacteria. Among them, the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) is a ministerial-level professional quality inspection center in the field of agricultural ecological environment. In 2017, it became the first batch of national agricultural testing benchmark laboratories (pesticide residues), and the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences is a national scientific research institution, not a fruit research institute without appraisal qualification. After the two testing units respectively issued the Experimental Report on Pathogen Isolation and Identification of Cherry Samples in wafangdian city, Dalian and the Test Report (NO.KY030-2023), on May 6th, the municipal work class organized the expert group to hold another meeting. Based on the inspection and test report, the expert group focused on discussion, consulted the literature and standards, and obtained the comprehensive judgment opinions of experts.

　　Question 5: The death of these cherry trees is characterized by yellowing and shedding of leaves, which is not a symptom of fungal infection at all. Why didn’t the special class investigate the problem of drug injury? Afraid of what?

　　After the on-the-spot investigation on March 29th, 2023, the expert group held the first working meeting of judgment, and sorted out the main symptoms found in the on-the-spot investigation as follows: the symptoms of branch withered; The damaged parts of the trunk show partial cuticle cracking, ulcer, rot and gumming, which may cause the whole tree to die in severe cases. Some plants showed symptoms of bolting, and a few plants showed symptoms of neck rot. According to the symptoms, the main causes are infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. In order to further analyze the reasons, the expert group suggested that the sampled samples should be subjected to disease identification and pesticide residue determination, and finally the "Experimental Report on Pathogen Isolation and Identification of Cherry Samples in wafangdian city, Dalian" and "Test Report (NO.KY030-2023)" were formed, and the expert group gave judgment opinions according to the identification results.

Swiss regulations prohibit keeping solitary social animals： keeping a goldfish is illegal (Figure)

　　Beijing, August 2 (Xinhua) According to Voice of China’s Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, it has gathered interesting stories and shared interesting stories.

　　[A pure natural life]

　　There is a legendary cave-dwelling old man in northern Argentina. He lived in a cave on the mountain for 40 years. He lived with roosters and goats every day. When he was hungry, he picked up a shotgun and hunted. When he was thirsty, he went to a nearby stream to drink water. However, the old man is not completely isolated from civilization. He will walk for three hours regularly, collect pensions and buy supplies in the town below the mountain, and some tourists and students visit the mountain.

　　It is reported that 79-year-old Luca was raised by her grandfather in a small town below the mountain, and her childhood dream was to live alone. At the age of 14, he left his hometown and made a living by transporting coal to Bolivia. Later, he returned to the town and lived in a cave. He said that he also thought about traveling around the world, but he didn’t have that much time.

　　[An extraordinary memory]

　　Rebecca Sharrock, a 26-year-old Australian woman, has a "super autobiographical memory" and can clearly remember what she experienced, big or small.

　　It is reported that only 80 people in the world have this extraordinary memory. Sharrock is a Harry Potter fan. He can recite all the chapters of the novel word for word, and even tell the nuances of the same dialogue between the novel and the movie.

　　Sharrock said that her earliest memory can be traced back to when she was only 12 days old, when her mother was taking her to the driver’s seat to take photos. She can describe in detail what happened and dreams after that.

　　However, Sharrock was troubled by his extraordinary memory. Sharrock once suffered from autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Every night in the dead of night, all kinds of memory fragments will flood into her brain, and multiple emotions make her unable to sleep. In childhood, Sharrock remembered all the nightmare scenes and often lost control of her emotions, so the original intention of reciting Harry Potter was to distract her and help her get rid of the nightmare.

　　[A person who is proficient in donkey language]

　　In London, England, there is a "donkey talker" who claims to be able to read the donkey’s mind. He has studied animal behavior habits for more than 20 years. The man named Mark Yin Aisen said that animals are very spiritual, and he hoped that people could learn more about their "hearts".

　　Mark is the owner of an entertainment company called "Real Donkey". He now provides donkey riding activities for the British people. But the difference is that riders can listen to the sounds made by donkeys through a special new technology "voice translator". The funniest thing is that these sounds will be translated into English and played to everyone, and some even whole sentences.

　　Mark said that donkeys have hooves, and people can express their emotions by lifting a hoof. People can also recognize the behavior of donkeys through their body movements and some facial expressions.

　　Although he was suspected, Mark was convinced of his way of doing things. He said, "I love my donkeys very much, and I don’t want to exchange them with anything else."

　　[A law prohibiting animals from being lonely]

　　Not only people will be sad because of loneliness, but also animals. Therefore, there is a law in Switzerland that "it is forbidden to keep only one gregarious animal". If you only keep one goldfish, be careful not to touch the law.

　　In order to protect the rights of animals, Switzerland stipulates that it is forbidden for social animals to keep only one, such as goldfish. Fish are gregarious animals, and they need companions. It is cruel to raise only one and let them grow in a lonely environment, which is equivalent to "abusing" them.

　　According to the report, this regulation is not only for fish, but also for social animals such as guinea pigs and budgies.

　　In addition, the laws and regulations on the protection of animal rights in Switzerland also stipulate that owners must go through course training and written examination before they can have dogs. If they want to have cats, they must let them move outdoors or see other companions through the window. If they can’t, they must have two cats.

China’s fruits frequently hit the wall, exposing the structural defects of China’s fruit industry.

　　China is the world’s largest fruit producer, but in recent ten years, the proportion of fruit exports to total output has been below 5% for a long time, and the export level is low. Since 2003, more than 60% fruit export enterprises in China have encountered green trade barriers every year. Experts pointed out that green trade barriers have become the main external constraints restricting China’s fruit exports.


　　Green barriers have caused three negative effects.


　　After China’s entry into WTO, domestic fruit exports did not increase as much as expected. According to statistics, from 1998 to 2006, China’s fruit exports accounted for 1.16%, 2.16%, 2.22%, 2.87%, 3.53%, 3.72%, 4.13% and 3.86% of the total output respectively.


　　Experts such as Guo Wei, associate professor of Guangdong Business School, and Li Wenlong, lecturer of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, said that since 2003, more than 60% fruit export enterprises in China have encountered green trade barriers every year. It has suppressed the living space of Chinese fruits in the international market and raised the export threshold.


　　Experts such as Professor Zhang Xingwang from Yunnan Agricultural University, Associate Professor Liu Hancheng from Huanggang Normal University and Li Wenlong from Hunan Institute of Science and Technology analyzed that at present, green barriers have caused three negative effects on China’s fruit export.


　　The first is to restrict the growth of fruit export trade. 60% of China’s exported fruits are exported to developed countries and regions such as the European Union, the United States and Japan, as well as newly industrialized countries such as ASEAN and South Korea. They are all members of the WTO Committee on Trade and Environment, and are more willing to use green trade barriers to restrict the export of Chinese fruit products.


　　For example, the United States is one of the main export markets of litchi in Guangdong. It requires that litchi should not contain live insects and leaves, the fruit stalk should not exceed 10 cm, and the pesticide residue should not exceed a certain limit. It must be stored continuously for 15 days at a constant temperature of 1℃.


　　The second is to increase the cost of export products and weaken the international competitiveness of fruit products. In order to meet the green environmental protection standards, Chinese fruit enterprises should pay for inspection, testing, certification, appraisal and equipment purchase. In order to obtain the green sign recognized by foreign countries, enterprises have to pay the certification application fee and the annual use fee. However, the fruit quality evaluation procedures and quality certification systems in developed countries are becoming increasingly strict and complicated.


　　For example, if agricultural products such as fruits want to enter South Korea, China’s quarantine department needs to provide the General Catalogue of Diseases and Pests, and South Korea needs to send experts to China for on-the-spot investigation before signing the quarantine agreement between the two countries. China exports products to South Korea according to normal trade methods.


　　The third is that the export risk of enterprises has increased. In recent years, developed countries often take unilateral trade measures to restrict the import of fruits from developing countries, including China, in the name of environmental protection. Moreover, they can also exclude fruits outside the region, including Chinese fruits, on the grounds that they are lower than the regional environmental standards through free trade within the region.


　　Frequent "hitting the wall" exposes the structural defects of China’s fruit industry


　　Experts believe that China’s fruit industry frequently encounters foreign green trade barriers, which not only causes trade protectionism, but also exposes the defects of China’s fruit industry in production, circulation and processing.


　　-the main planting body is scattered. The vast majority of fruit production in China adopts free and decentralized planting methods, and the planting units often take households as units. Growers’ cultural quality is different, their ideas vary widely, and their awareness of environmental protection is poor, so many problems arise. Different producers use different fertilizers, spray different pesticides and pick different times, so the shape, size and maturity of fruits are different.


　　-standard construction is lagging behind. At present, there are 291 indexes for the maximum residue of 104 pesticides in 45 foods in China. At present, the Codex Alimentarius stipulates 2439 maximum residue standards for 176 pesticides in 375 foods. For example, the national standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763-2005) issued and implemented in China in 2005 involves only 48 kinds of original pesticides in apples, far less than those in the United States, Japan and the European Union. Foreign standards have been formulated in the production stage of products, but the standard-setting work in China is quite backward and the cycle is long. Because China’s fruit export standards lag behind international standards, fruits that pass domestic inspection are returned or destroyed by importing countries because of excessive antibiotic and pesticide residues during export.


　　-Insufficient storage and fresh-keeping ability. Fruit is a complete cold chain system from precooling, cold storage, heat preservation and transportation to entering the consumer market. More than 90% fruits in Japan are precooled. But only 5% in China. Only 10% of fruits in China can realize cold chain transportation. The storage capacity of fruits in China is 20% of the total output, and most of them are simple storage. Cold storage and modified atmosphere storage only account for 7% of the total storage capacity, while in developed countries it is 100%, and 70-80% are modified atmosphere storage.


　　-Insufficient government policy support. The fruit production cycle is long, and the early investment in the orchard is high, with high risks. However, the Chinese government lacks specific preferential policies to support the development of the fruit industry at present, and the financial support for strengthening the orchard infrastructure construction, accelerating the development of the fruit processing industry, and improving the fruit storage conditions is not enough. Financial institutions do not have special loan indicators for fruits, and the problems of reducing or exempting agricultural specialty taxes and partially returning agricultural specialty taxes in the process of fruit structure adjustment have also restricted the competitiveness of Chinese fruits.


　　Only the adjustment of industrial structure can "break the wall"


　　Experts suggest that China’s fruit industry must take various measures, including brand building, trade negotiation and media publicity, to effectively break through the green barrier and open up a broad export market. But improving the quality of fruit itself is fundamental, and the adjustment of industrial structure is the key to improve the quality of fruit.


　　-establish a large-scale export-oriented base of 500 hectares to 1,000 hectares. They can play a large-scale production effect, reduce production costs through mass production, and at the same time, facilitate the establishment of a unified quality supervision system and production regulations that meet international green standards, implement unified operations and standards for all fruit production, effectively ensure product quality, and are also conducive to logistics and transportation.


　　-adjusting the variety structure and vigorously developing the fruit processing industry. Diversification of export varieties can avoid the impact of single variety and large quantity on the importing country’s market and local fruit industry, and reduce the possibility of importing countries setting restrictions on China’s export of fruits. Taking the fruit processing industry as the leading industry of the fruit industry will not only improve the added value of fruit exports, but also ease the impact of fruit exports on importing countries. At present, the focus of developing fruit processing industry is to improve the level of post-harvest commercialization and the production level of high value-added deep-processed products such as fruit wine, jam and juice. It is necessary to encourage the introduction of advanced technology and funds, transform existing fruit processing enterprises in China, and improve the technological content of processing.


　　-promoting the standardization of production. China should formulate strict standards, monitor the whole production process from fruit variety selection and plantation site selection to fruit production, harvesting, storage, transportation and processing, avoid pollution, improve quality, implement green fruit strategy, and adjust it in time according to the setting of green barriers in export areas at any time. The government should carry out standardized production training for fruit farmers, vigorously popularize standardized production, and make the concept of green production deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.


　　-Strengthen the commercialization of postharvest fruits and the construction of modern logistics system. At present, the price of fruit in China’s fruit market is 40% to 50% lower than that in the international market. If we can do a good job in commercialization of fruit after delivery, our fruit will not only have price advantage, but also have quality competitiveness. The development of modern fruit logistics is conducive to the full control of logistics in strict accordance with international standards and norms.


　　-We will promptly establish an early warning mechanism for green trade barriers. China’s fruit trading enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, lacking the ability to actively deal with green barriers. Therefore, the government should take the lead in establishing an early warning system for green trade barriers. At the same time, China should quickly set up China’s green trade barriers based on the Agreement on the Implementation of Animal and Plant Sanitary and Quarantine Measures of the WTO, so as to provide a basis and guarantee for China and WTO member countries to resolve the dispute over green trade barriers.

Editor: Gao Song

Four film market industry forums talk about China film spring.

China film craftsman’s pulse."core"　Inject rationality into content selection with big data

　

one

In the past development of the film market,The standard of IP value evaluation has always been vague and lacks data rationality. With the rapid development of box office in China, the channel bonus brought by screen expansion is weakening, and the content has officially become the first driving force of box office. As a new topic, IP has been paid more and more attention.

　

At the event, curator Sun Xianghuiworkwatch from a height or distancewithThe lecture on the theme of "Audience Satisfaction and New Market Momentum" introduced the data analysis report of "China Film Audience Satisfaction Survey" from 2015 to 2017, and made a survey and summary from three dimensions: ornamental index, ideological index and communication degree. He said that audience satisfaction has promoted the diversified development of film types in China. Although some films are not outstanding at the box office, they can get highly satisfactory evaluation in the market and promote the great development of a certain type of film in the whole film market. "Audience satisfaction, capturing new kinetic energy and moving towards a new era, the China film audience satisfaction survey will continue." Sun Xianghui said.

2　

This industry dialogue will focus on the group of young directors toThe theme is "Inheriting Ingenuity, How to Perfect the Supporting System for New Directors in China Film Market, and Establish the Road of High-standard Industrialized Films".

　

The dialogue invited Chen Hongwei, deputy general manager of Tencent Pictures and general manager of Dream Film Studio, Dou Lili, general manager of Iqiyi Online Film Development Center, Fu Jia, director of the Young Directors Support Program of China Film Directors Association, and Bad Monkey Pictures.CEO Wang Yibing, Wu Yanyan, director of Wu Tianming Youth Film Special Fund of China Film Foundation, and Zhou Liming, the guest host, bilingual writer and famous film critic, came to the scene.

It is worth mentioning that this industry dialogue will bring together five senior experts who have been engaged in excavating new directors and developing venture capital projects.The topic of "young director support system" was discussed. This lineup is the first time in the domestic film industry.

　

The guests focused on how to tap, polish and improve the endurance of young directors.,And how to retain talents.

　

Zhou Liming said that at present, China’s film market is the envy of the whole world, and there are more and more opportunities. In the process of creation, no matter which direction, style or type is chosen, the new director must do his best to attract people. Compared with the cinema, the Internet platform can become a platform for discovering new people, cultivating new people and exercising new people. Dou Lili said that the Internet is younger.needA film with strength and spirit, which can reflect the surging sense of youth. Young filmmakers also need the channels and experience of the Internet to find their target users and impress them, which is what iQiyi is willing to do with the creators.

three

Beijing International Film Festival Film Market and American Film Association (MPA) has had many in-depth cooperation. At this film festival, the industry dialogue hosted by the Motion Picture Association of America is divided into two parts, focusing on two major topics: "the road to market reform of film distribution and screening" and "the construction of industrialized ecosystem of film production in China".

　

Feng Wei, vice president of Asia-Pacific Region and president of Greater China Region of American Film Association, Jiang Wusheng, managing director of Beijing Juyinglian Culture Media Co., Ltd., Liu Kailuo, vice president of Dayouku Business Group of Alibaba Culture and Entertainment Group, and Conley, chief operating officer of Maoyan Entertainment and president of Cat’s Eye Film Co., Ltd. and other guests attended the dialogue.

four

The writers’ group held the China film writers’ seminar in the film market of this year’s Beijing International Film Festival, and continued to"The development and creation of genre films" was discussed.

　

The dialogue invited Shi Hang, a famous screenwriter and planner, a director of the Chinese Dramatists Association and a member of the Chinese Writers Association.、He Jiping, member of the National Committee of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a famous screenwriter Shu Huan, a famous screenwriter Song Fangjin, a famous film critic and screenwriter Gu Xiaobai,Franklin Leonard, the founder of the "blacklist", and Du Hongjun, the founder of the screenwriter gang. Several guests gave keynote speeches on stage, and the "talk show" speech made the atmosphere in the venue very active.

Notice of the State Council Municipality on Printing and Distributing Several Policies for Promoting the High-quality Development of Integrated Circuit Industry and Software Industry in the New Period

The State Council on printing and distributing the new period to promote the integrated circuit industry and

Notice of some policies on high-quality development of software industry

Guo Fa [2020] No.8

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The "Several Policies for Promoting the High-quality Development of Integrated Circuit Industry and Software Industry in the New Period" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly implement them.

the State Council

July 27, 2020

(This piece is publicly released)

Promoting integrated circuit industry and software industry in the new period

Some policies for high-quality development

Integrated circuit industry and software industry are the core of information industry, and they are the key forces to lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Since the issuance of the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing Policies to Encourage the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry (Guo Fa [2000] No.18) and the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing Policies to Further Encourage the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry (Guo Fa [2011] No.4), China’s integrated circuit industry and software industry have developed rapidly, which has strongly supported the national information construction and promoted the sustained and healthy development of the national economy and society. In order to further optimize the development environment of integrated circuit industry and software industry, deepen industrial international cooperation, and enhance industrial innovation ability and development quality, the following policies are formulated.

First, fiscal and taxation policies

(1) Enterprises or projects that are encouraged by the state to produce integrated circuits with a line width of less than 28 nanometers (inclusive) and have been in operation for more than 15 years shall be exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the tenth year. Enterprises or projects that are encouraged by the state to produce integrated circuits with a line width of less than 65 nanometers (inclusive) and an operating period of more than 15 years are exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the fifth year, and the enterprise income tax is levied at a statutory rate of 25% in the sixth to tenth years. Enterprises or projects that are encouraged by the state to produce integrated circuits with a line width of less than 130 nanometers (inclusive) and have been in operation for more than 10 years shall be exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the second year, and enterprise income tax shall be levied at the statutory tax rate of 25% in the third to the fifth year. Losses incurred by integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises whose line width is less than 130 nanometers (inclusive) encouraged by the state in the tax year are allowed to be carried forward to the following years, and the longest summary transfer period shall not exceed 10 years.

For those who enjoy preferential tax policies according to integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises, the preferential period shall be calculated from the profit-making year; For those who enjoy preferential tax policies in accordance with integrated circuit production projects, the preferential period is calculated from the tax year in which the project obtains the first production and operation income. The list of integrated circuit manufacturers or projects encouraged by the state shall be formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in conjunction with relevant departments.

(2) Enterprises engaged in integrated circuit design, equipment, materials, packaging and testing and software encouraged by the state shall be exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the second year, and the enterprise income tax shall be reduced by half at the statutory tax rate of 25% from the third year to the fifth year. The conditions for enterprises engaged in IC design, equipment, materials, packaging and testing encouraged by the state shall be formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in conjunction with relevant departments.

(3) Key integrated circuit design enterprises and software enterprises encouraged by the state shall be exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the fifth year, and enterprise income tax shall be levied at a reduced rate of 10% in subsequent years. The list of key integrated circuit design enterprises and software enterprises encouraged by the state shall be formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly with relevant departments.

(four) the conditions and scope of preferential income tax policies implemented by the state for integrated circuit enterprises or projects and software enterprises shall be dynamically adjusted according to the progress of industrial technology. The enterprise income tax of integrated circuit design enterprises and software enterprises in the previous year before the implementation of this policy shall be implemented in accordance with the preferential policy of "two exemptions and three reductions" specified in document No.4 [2011] of the State Council.

(five) continue to implement the preferential policies of value-added tax for integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises.

(6) In a certain period of time, the production enterprises of logic circuits and memories with integrated circuit linewidth less than 65 nm (inclusive), and the production enterprises of characteristic process integrated circuits with integrated circuit linewidth less than 0.25 micron (inclusive) (including the production enterprises of masks and 8-inch and above silicon wafers) shall be exempted from import duties; Production raw materials and consumables imported by compound integrated circuit manufacturers and advanced packaging and testing enterprises with integrated circuit line width less than 0.5 micron (inclusive) are exempt from import duties. Specific policies shall be formulated by the Ministry of Finance in conjunction with the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments. The list of enterprises and the list of duty-free commodities shall be formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly with relevant departments.

(7) Within a certain period of time, the key integrated circuit design enterprises and software enterprises encouraged by the state, as well as the integrated circuit production enterprises and advanced packaging and testing enterprises mentioned in Article (6) shall be exempted from import duties, as well as the technology (including software) and accessories and spare parts imported with the equipment according to the contract, except for the goods listed in the relevant import catalogue that are not duty-free. Specific policies shall be formulated by the Ministry of Finance in conjunction with the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments.

(eight) in a certain period of time, the import of new equipment for major integrated circuit projects is allowed to pay the import value-added tax in installments. Specific policies shall be formulated by the Ministry of Finance in conjunction with the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments.

II. Investment and financing policies

(nine) to strengthen the service and guidance of major integrated circuit projects, orderly guide and standardize the development order of integrated circuit industry, do a good job in planning and layout, strengthen risk warning, and avoid low-level redundant construction.

(10) Encourage and support integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises to strengthen resource integration. Relevant departments and local governments in the State Council should actively support and guide the reorganization and merger of enterprises in accordance with the principle of marketization, and shall not set various forms of restrictions other than laws, regulations and policies.

(eleven) make full use of the existing national and local government investment funds to support the development of integrated circuit industry and software industry, encourage social capital to raise funds through multiple channels according to the principle of marketization, and set up investment funds to improve the marketization level of funds.

(12) Encourage local governments to establish a loan risk compensation mechanism, and support integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises to obtain commercial loans through intellectual property pledge financing, equity pledge financing, accounts receivable pledge financing, supply chain finance, science and technology and intellectual property insurance. Give full play to the role of financing guarantee institutions and actively provide various forms of financing guarantee services for small and micro enterprises in the fields of integrated circuits and software.

(13) Encourage commercial financial institutions to further improve financial services, increase medium and long-term loan support for the integrated circuit industry and the software industry, actively innovate credit products suitable for the development of the integrated circuit industry and the software industry, and increase financial support for major projects on the premise of controllable risks and sustainable business; Guide insurance funds to carry out equity investment; Support bank wealth management companies, insurance, trusts and other non-bank financial institutions to initiate the establishment of specialized asset management products.

(14) Vigorously support qualified integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises to go public and raise funds at home and abroad, and speed up the domestic listing review process. R&D expenditures that meet the relevant conditions of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises can be capitalized. Encourage and support qualified enterprises to list and raise funds in science and technology innovation board and Growth Enterprise Market, and smooth the exit channels of original shareholders of related enterprises. Provide equity financing, equity transfer and other services for integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises at different stages of development through different levels of capital markets, expand direct financing channels and increase the proportion of direct financing.

(15) Encourage qualified integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises to issue corporate bonds, corporate bonds, short-term financing bonds and medium-term notes, broaden financing channels for enterprises, and support enterprises to raise funds from the bond market through medium-and long-term bonds.

Third, research and development policies

(16) Focus on the research and development of key core technologies of high-end chips, integrated circuit equipment and technology, key materials of integrated circuits, integrated circuit design tools, basic software, industrial software and application software, and constantly explore and build a new national system for tackling key core technologies under the conditions of socialist market economy. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments do a good job in organizing and implementing the relevant work, and actively use the national key R&D plans and major national science and technology projects to give support.

(seventeen) in the fields of advanced storage, advanced computing, advanced manufacturing, high-end packaging and testing, key equipment materials, new generation semiconductor technology, etc., combined with the characteristics of the industry to promote the construction of various innovative platforms. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments give priority to supporting relevant innovation platforms to implement R&D projects.

(eighteen) to encourage software enterprises to implement national standards such as software quality, information security, development and management. Strengthen the organization construction of integrated circuit standardization, improve the standard system, strengthen standard verification, and enhance research and development capabilities. Improve the quality of integrated circuits and software and enhance the competitiveness of the industry.

Iv. import and export policies

(19) In a certain period of time, key integrated circuit design enterprises and software enterprises encouraged by the state need to temporarily import self-use equipment (including development and test equipment), software and hardware environment, prototypes, parts and components, and those that meet the requirements can go through the customs formalities for temporarily entering the country, and their import tax shall be implemented in accordance with existing laws and regulations.

(20) Financial institutions may provide financing and insurance support for software export contracts signed between software enterprises and foreign enterprises with higher credit ratings in accordance with the principles of independent loan review and risk control.

(twenty-one) to promote the export of integrated circuits, software and information technology services, vigorously develop international service outsourcing business, and support enterprises to establish overseas marketing networks. The Ministry of Commerce, together with relevant departments, will establish a long-term cooperation mechanism with key countries and regions and take comprehensive measures to create conditions for enterprises to expand into emerging markets.

V. Talent policy

(twenty-two) to further strengthen the construction of integrated circuit and software specialty in colleges and universities, accelerate the setting of integrated circuit first-level disciplines, adjust the curriculum, teaching plan and teaching methods in a timely manner in close connection with the needs of industrial development, and strive to cultivate compound and practical high-level talents. Strengthen the construction of integrated circuit and software professional teachers, teaching laboratories and practice training bases. The Ministry of Education will strengthen supervision and guidance with relevant departments.

(twenty-three) to encourage qualified universities to cooperate with integrated circuit enterprises to accelerate the construction of demonstration microelectronics colleges. Give priority to building and cultivating integrated enterprises in the field of integrated circuits. If the investment in vocational education of the pilot enterprises that are included in the scope of the construction and cultivation of production-education integration enterprises meets the requirements, the education surcharge and local education surcharge that should be paid by the enterprise in the current year can be credited according to the proportion of 30% of the investment. Encourage social-related industrial investment funds to increase investment, and support joint ventures in colleges and universities to carry out the construction of special resource libraries for IC talent training. Support demonstration microelectronics colleges and characteristic demonstration software colleges to cooperate with internationally renowned universities and multinational companies, introduce foreign teachers and high-quality resources, and jointly cultivate talents in integrated circuits and software.

(twenty-four) encourage local governments to commend and reward high-end talents who have made outstanding contributions in the field of integrated circuits and software, as well as high-level engineers and R&D designers, and improve the equity incentive mechanism. Through relevant talent programs, we will increase efforts to introduce top experts, outstanding talents and teams. Priority should be given to exploring relevant policies for introducing talents in integrated circuits and software in industrial clusters or related industrial clusters. Formulate and implement the annual plan for the introduction and training of integrated circuit and software talents, promote the construction of the national international training base for integrated circuit and software talents, and focus on strengthening the medium and long-term training of professionals in urgent need.

(twenty-five) to strengthen industry self-discipline, guide the rational and orderly flow of integrated circuits and software talents, and avoid vicious competition.

VI. Intellectual Property Policy

(twenty-six) encourage enterprises to register the exclusive rights of integrated circuit layout design and software copyright. Support integrated circuit enterprises and software enterprises to apply for intellectual property rights according to law, and give relevant support to those who meet the relevant provisions. Vigorously develop integrated circuits and software-related intellectual property services.

(twenty-seven) strictly implement the intellectual property protection system for integrated circuits and software, and increase the punishment of intellectual property infringement violations. Strengthen the protection of the exclusive right of layout design of integrated circuits and software copyright under the network environment, actively develop and apply the network copyright protection technology of genuine software, and effectively protect the intellectual property rights of integrated circuits and software.

(twenty-eight) to explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism for software legalization. All computers (including mainframe computers, servers, microcomputers and notebook computers) sold in China must be pre-installed with genuine software, and computers pre-installed with non-genuine software are prohibited from going on sale. We will fully implement the policies and measures for government agencies to use genuine software, implement centralized government procurement of general-purpose software, and strengthen the management of software assets. Promote the institutionalization and standardization of the use of genuine software in important industries and key areas. Strengthen the publicity, training, supervision and inspection on the use of genuine software, and create a good environment for the use of genuine software.

Seven, the market application policy

(twenty-nine) through policy guidance, market application as the traction, increase the promotion of integrated circuits and software innovative products, and promote the continuous upgrading of technology and industry.

(thirty) to promote the development of integrated circuit industry and software industry cluster, support the construction of information technology service industry cluster and integrated circuit industry cluster, and support the development of software industry park with characteristics and high end.

(31) Support key enterprises, research institutes, universities and other innovative subjects in the field of integrated circuits and software to build various specialized innovation service institutions represented by specialized creative space, optimize the allocation of innovative resources such as technology, equipment, capital and market, and provide specialized services focusing on integrated circuits and software in accordance with the market mechanism, so as to realize the integrated development of large, medium and small enterprises. Increase support for specialized service platforms such as specialized creative space, technology business incubators and university science parks serving the integrated circuit and software industries, and enhance their professional service capabilities.

(thirty-two) actively guide the development of information technology research and application services outsourcing. Government departments are encouraged to entrust qualified software and information technology service institutions with the services that are within the scope of government responsibilities and suitable for market-oriented services in e-government construction, data center construction and data processing by purchasing services. Pay close attention to the formulation and improvement of corresponding safety review and confidentiality management regulations. Encourage large and medium-sized enterprises to rely on information technology to develop and apply business institutions and set up specialized software and information technology service enterprises.

(thirty-three) improve the protection system of consumer privacy and business secrets under the network environment, and promote the development of software and information technology services in the network. Promote software products and services that meet safety requirements in government agencies and institutions at all levels.

(34) further standardize the market order of the integrated circuit industry and the software industry, strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement, crack down on various monopolistic behaviors according to law, do a good job in the anti-monopoly review of operators, and maintain fair competition in the integrated circuit industry and the software industry market. Strengthen law enforcement against unfair competition and crack down on all kinds of unfair competition according to law.

(thirty-five) give full play to the role of industry associations and standardization organizations, speed up the formulation of standards related to integrated circuits and software, and popularize the standards for quality evaluation of integrated circuits and cost measurement of software development.

VIII. International cooperation policy

Deepen the global cooperation between the integrated circuit industry and the software industry, and actively create a good environment for international enterprises to invest and develop in China. Encourage domestic universities and research institutes to strengthen cooperation with overseas high-level universities and research institutions, and encourage international enterprises to build R&D centers in China. Strengthen communication between domestic trade associations and international trade organizations, support domestic enterprises to cooperate with international enterprises at home and abroad, and deeply participate in the division of labor and cooperation in the international market and the formulation of international standards.

(thirty-seven) to promote the integrated circuit industry and software industry to "go global". It is convenient for domestic enterprises to jointly build R&D centers overseas, and make better use of international innovation resources to enhance the level of industrial development. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant departments will improve their service level and create a good environment for enterprises to carry out investment and other cooperation.

IX. Supplementary Provisions

(38) All qualified integrated circuit enterprises (including design, production, packaging, testing, equipment and materials enterprises) and software enterprises established in China, regardless of the nature of ownership, can enjoy this policy.

(thirty-nine) this policy is interpreted by the National Development and Reform Commission in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and other departments.

(forty) this policy shall be implemented as of the date of issuance. Continue to implement the policies specified in document No.18 [2000] and No.4 [2011] of the State Council. If the relevant policies are inconsistent with this policy, this policy shall prevail.

Citrus with falling prices, apples that can’t be sold … How can the fruit industry spend the cold winter smoothly？

How to spend the winter of fruit industry smoothly?

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, the fruit consumption market begins to "pick up", and consumers buy fruits in supermarkets. Our reporter Wang Xiaochuan photo

　　Beginning of spring has passed, and the breeze is beginning to bring some warmth.

　　But for the vast majority of fruit people, this "winter" is cold and long, and it is really a bit difficult.

　　Cherry, once the "pearl of fruit industry", has been sold from the past to today’s ten pounds of postage, and has already stepped down from the altar. The "freedom of cherries", which was once pursued hard, now seems like telling a cold joke to the fruit industry.

　　It’s not just cherries that are sad.

　　Domestic fruits, led by citrus, are also in a difficult position to support. From January to December 2020, the average wholesale price of bulk fruits monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs decreased by 9.8% compared with 2019. Some merchants feel more directly, "the price of fruit has dropped by at least 30% year-on-year".

　　What is even more helpless is that even if the price has been "discounted", the volume of fruit still does not improve.

　　The China Fruit Circulation Association recently issued the "Initiative on Doing a Good Job in Current Fruit Sales", calling on the whole industry to actively respond to the crisis and spend the cold winter together.

　　The sudden "cold" and "freezing" made people in the fruit industry a little confused. The price that can’t be raised, the fruit that can’t be sold, the warehouse piled up like a mountain, and the fruit industry people are waiting for the arrival of spring.

　　An expanding orchard

　　Guangxi Lipu Sugar Orange is a well-known regional public brand of citrus. In 2016, when the reporter went to Guangxi for an interview, an orange farmer joked: "The Bureau of Industry and Commerce of the Finance Bureau, it is better for me to go home and plant sugar oranges!"

　　Now, it seems that it is the last glory of sugar orange.

　　In 2016-2017, the average price of sugar oranges in Guangxi once reached a high of 12.6 yuan per kilogram, and countless fruit farmers lived in the "Citrus House" by relying on their 10 acres of citrus orchards.

　　The sudden epidemic in 2020 poured cold water on the head of sugar orange. Fruit merchants can’t get in, fruits can’t get out, and there are not a few citrus orchards that have been abandoned.

　　The accident that was regarded by many people at that time was repeated again this year. Just a month ago, the average price of sugar oranges in Guangxi hit a deep pit in 1.2 yuan per catty. This price is even lower than the input cost of fruit farmers.

　　For fruit farmers, it is not important to pick the fruit or not, which is doomed to be a loss.

　　This ending was actually buried as early as a few years ago when sugar oranges were expensive. The price of citrus is soaring, and the industrial and commercial capital with a keen sense of smell is coming into the "orange". Guilin and other sugar oranges are planted in big markets, and fruit farmers even compete to transfer land to other markets. Planting sugar oranges is like planting a cash cow.

　　Zhao Junyi, chief fruit analyst of the agricultural products market analysis and early warning team of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told the reporter that the area and output of citrus have been increasing continuously in recent years. In 2018, citrus output surpassed apples to become the largest fruit raw product category in China, and in 2019, citrus output accounted for 24.1% of the total output of garden fruits in China.

　　The continuous expansion of orchards will inevitably bring high supply. Citrus is not resistant to storage, so it is inevitable that "price stampede" will occur when it is listed centrally.

　　This cold winter in the fruit industry, when the new citrus season came on the market in November last year, has already begun to show signs. Wuming Wogan, Lipu Sugar Orange and other popular "star" fruits in the past are not only unsatisfactory in price, but also worrying in sales volume. Only when they are listed can they not be sold. Fruit farmers have to beg the buyers to take as many goods as possible.

　　Chen Yucheng, head of Sihui Cuitian Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, said frankly: "The pressure this year is particularly great. Some time ago, due to the influence of the cold wave, it was difficult to sell in the north. Coupled with the epidemic situation and the low price of foreign fruits, the confidence that fruit farmers had just stabilized was somewhat shaken. "

　　The pressure of continuous loss is transmitted to fruit quality through fruit farmers. A person in charge of Guangxi Fruit Technical Guidance Station told the reporter that due to the poor market, the willingness of growers to invest has been greatly reduced, and the investment in organic fertilizer and film mulching has decreased accordingly, which has led to the decline of fruit quality, further affecting sales and forming a vicious circle.

　　Fruits piled up in the warehouse

　　It’s not just fruit farmers who are suffering from the cold winter. The pressure on fruit dealers may be even greater.

　　According to the data of Guangxi agricultural products production and marketing price monitoring and early warning system, on February 5th, the origin price of sugar orange was higher than the wholesale price per kilogram in 0.3 yuan. It is hard to imagine that the wholesale price is upside down with the origin price in any industry.

　　There are also traditional bulk fruits such as apples and pears on sale. In the 2020 crop season, the national apple output is about 41 million tons, and it still maintains a relatively stable supply. Looking at the whole year, the prices of Fuji apples and Yali pears dropped by 28% and 28% respectively compared with the previous year.

　　"The sales situation is not ideal. Some dealers sell at a loss of 50 cents per catty. After all, it will cost more to continue to put it in the cold storage." Lu Fangxiao, president of China Fruit Circulation Association, said.

　　However, it is difficult to reverse the situation that the inventory of cold storage continues to be high. It is reported that about 11 million tons of apples will be stored in the cold storage in 2020, an increase of 8% year-on-year, and a record high.

　　Many dealers spent a lot of money on Apple last year, but this year they are trapped by Apple. The strong market during the new listing of apples in 2020 attracted many pear merchants, garlic merchants and ginger merchants to join the inventory. In January 2021, the cold inventory of apples was about 1.5 million tons higher than that of the same period of the previous year.

　　What is the pressure on the sales side of the fruit industry? According to the data of China Fruit Circulation Association, the total domestic fruit output this year is 274 million tons. This means that Chinese people need to consume nearly a catty of fruit every day to complete the task of destocking the fruit industry.

　　Domestic fruits are under pressure, and the annual festival of imported fruits is also difficult. Imported fruits, a popular gift before the Spring Festival in previous years, have continued to shrink this year, and they are also facing the pressure of high inventory. Taking cherries as an example, it is preliminarily estimated that there are nearly 1,500-2,000 cabinets in stock in China at present, and 5,000 cabinets will arrive in Hong Kong before the Spring Festival.

　　The epidemic situation in COVID-19 has become a cloud that cannot be dispersed on the head of imported fruits. Consumers’ panic about imported fruits has led to a decrease in purchasing desire and a sharp drop in sales volume.

　　A dealer who has been engaged in the import fruit business all the year round said that in order to attract consumers, he launched a "fruit gift package" that had never been seen before, and hung the report on the results of cold chain disinfection treatment conspicuously. Even so, there are still customers who are worried.

　　On the one hand, the fruit farmers begged, on the other hand, the consumers hesitated, and the dealers caught in the middle looked at the goods piled up in the warehouse and wanted to cry. For many fruit distributors, "surviving" has become the biggest wish this year.

　　Lost traditional market

　　It has to be admitted that the epidemic situation is profoundly changing the fruit industry in China.

　　Under the epidemic situation, the consumption demand of fruit as a non-necessity is slightly weak, which is directly reflected in the traditional wholesale market. The relevant person in charge of Beijing Xinfadi Market told the reporter that compared with previous years, the shipment of fruits dropped by about 40% this year. This data also applies to many offline chain retail stores.

　　A dealer in Guangxi said that some fresh fruit farms shipped five or six cars in the past day, but now there are only two or three cars a day, and the popularity is bleak, far less than in previous years.

　　In sharp contrast, the online market is hot. Jing Changbao, director of purchasing food, told the reporter that in 2020, the overall sales of fresh food on the platform will increase by three times, and consumers’ acceptance of various brands of agricultural products and landmark products will be significantly improved.

　　Compared with vegetables, fruits are obviously more suitable for online sales. According to a report released by China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, fruit was the largest category of online retail sales of agricultural products in 2019, accounting for 38.3%. The information disclosed by the person in charge of a fruit market consulting company is more intuitive. In the terminal sales of Apple, online sales reached 14%, the proportion of direct mining was 35%, and the proportion of farmers’ market dropped to about 40%.

　　The rules of the game have changed, and a large number of fruit stall owners have to change careers. "Online is direct supply from the place of origin, and the price sold to end consumers is even lower than our purchase price."

　　However, the final trend of online sales is still controversial in the industry.

　　"Community group buying, which was popular some time ago, also had a big impact on the fruit market. However, we believe that this low-price sales method is unsustainable and will eventually lead to vicious competition and low-price competition. In the long run, consumers will suffer. " Lu Fangxiao said.

　　Where is the spring of fruit industry?

　　How to spend the winter in the fruit industry smoothly?

　　In the eyes of the industry, the overall progress of fruit sales is slow now, which is more of a structural reason. There are many kinds of fruits, and consumers have great choices. 20 years ago, the scene of carrying sacks to buy apples is no longer there, and the trend of individualization, quality and branding of fruit consumption is becoming more and more obvious.

　　In the eyes of young consumers, traditional fruits such as apples and pears are no longer the first choice, and "liking the new and hating the old" is their consumption habit. From sugar orange five years ago, Wogan orange three years ago, to "online celebrity" jelly orange and ugly orange today, the rapid change of market hotspots has left many fruit farmers at a loss.

　　"Overall, the total supply of fruits in China is more than enough, and the structural contradictions are prominent. staple goods is everywhere, lacking safe, green and high-quality fruits." Lu Fangxiao believes that to fundamentally solve the problem of fruit industry, the key is to put an end to the disorderly expansion of production end. Only by adhering to high-quality development, continuously accelerating the improvement of varieties, continuously optimizing planting structure according to market demand, and cultivating more influential and well-known brands can consumers truly satisfy their pursuit of a better life.

　　Under pressure, it is urgent to adjust the industrial structure. Guangxi, which ranks first in citrus production in China, has taken the lead in moving. The Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Citrus Industry in Guangxi issued in November 2020 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to avoid following the trend, prevent industrial recession, and strive to further optimize the citrus structure and layout.

　　Embracing new channels has also become a compulsory course for traditional "fruit people". Some traditional channel dealers began to take the initiative to "get an electric shock online", hoping to take the sales path of combining online and offline at the same time and get closer to consumers.

　　Some dealers hope to make a "turnaround" by using "online celebrity" fruit, and regional public brands and landmark agricultural products become their first choice. The "2020 Online Consumption Trend Report of Agricultural Products" released by JD.COM Big Data Research Institute shows that at the moment when the brands of well-known agricultural products enterprises are not prominent, the place of origin has become the primary label of agricultural products quality.

　　In fact, even if we are experiencing the cold winter, people in the fruit industry feel differently. According to the data provided by JD.COM, the turnover of landmark agricultural products in the first half of 2020 still increased by 74% year-on-year. Fine brands such as Sichuan Ugly Orange and Yunnan Blueberry have seen a leap in sales.

　　The next spring of the fruit industry may be in these changes.

English Test Band 4 registration time in the first half of 2024.

Thirty-one regions in China have specified the registration time of CET-4 and CET-6 in the second half of 2023.

Heilongjiang province: from 14: 00 on September 18th to 17: 00 on September 26th.

Changjiang professional college, Sichuan: 8: 00 on September 15th-17:00 on September 26th, 2023.

Guizhou area: from 12: 00 on September 13th to 17: 00 on September 26th.

Inner Mongolia: 10: 00 on September 15th-17: 00 on September 25th.

Ningxia: From 14:00 on September 14th to 17:00 on September 26th.

Anhui: 10: 00 on September 19th-17:00 on September 26th.

Guangdong-south university of science and technology of china: 12: 00 on September 18th-17:00 on September 26th.

Jilin: 10: 00 on September 18th, 2023-17: 00 on September 26th.

Hebei area: it starts at 6:00 am on September 19th and ends at 16:00 pm on September 26th.

Jiangxi: From 14: 00 on September 15th to 17:00 on September 22nd.

Hainan: September 13th to September 22nd.

Guangxi: From 14:00 on September 14th to 12:00 on September 20th.

Shanghai: From 14:00 on September 14th to 14:00 on September 26th.

Henan —— Henan Agricultural University/Henan Polytechnic University: 8: 30 on September 15th to 17:00 on September 22nd.

Hubei: From 11:00 on September 15th to 17:00 on September 25th.

Shanxi: The start time is 8:00 on September 18th, and the deadline is subject to the regulations of each test center.

Liaoning: from 10: 00 on September 14th to 17: 00 on September 26th.

Zhejiang: 6: 00 on September 14th-17:00 on September 26th.

Jiangsu: 12: 00 on September 14th-17:00 on September 23rd, 2023.

Fujian-Xiamen University: 9: 00 on September 13th-17:00 on September 23rd.

Hunan-Hunan College of Medicine: from 15:00 on September 15th to 16:00 on September 22nd.

Shaanxi-Xijing College: from 14: 00 on September 16th to 17: 00 on September 26th.

Gansu: 10: 00 on September 15th-17:00 on September 26th.

Qinghai: From 12: 00 on September 18th to 17: 00 on September 21st.

Xinjiang-Xinjiang Communications Vocational and Technical College: 10: 00 on September 12th-23:00 on September 17th.

Beijing: From 10: 00 on September 13th to 17:00 on September 26th.

Tianjin: From 14: 00 on September 18th to 17:00 on September 26th.

Yunnan-Haiyuan College of Kunming Medical University: 13: 00 on September 18th-12:00 on September 26th.

Chongqing-Chongqing Jiaotong University: 15: 00 on September 15th-17:00 on September 26th.

Shandong: 9: 00 on September 19th-17:00 on September 26th.

Tibet: 10: 00 on September 19th-18:00 on September 26th.

Autumn children have loose bowels, beware of rotavirus as a demon.

　　Among children with diarrhea under 5 years old in China, about 40% of hospitalized cases are caused by rotavirus, and 30% of outpatient cases are caused by rotavirus. Li Dandi, a researcher at the Center for Virus Prevention and Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, recently reminded that diarrhea in autumn is not as simple as a cold stomach. Rotavirus infection is the real cause of diarrhea, and it is the most important pathogen of severe diarrhea in infants. According to the World Health Organization, in 2013, nearly 220,000 children under 5 died of rotavirus infection.

　　Zhang Zhu, deputy director of the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, also reminded that rotavirus is particularly active in autumn, and it recurs every year, usually from August to December, and the most active period in the north is October and November. Rotavirus diarrhea is highly contagious, not only through the digestive tract, but also through the respiratory tract. Therefore, children with rotavirus infection often have respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough, accompanied by particularly severe watery diarrhea. This watery diarrhea may be like egg flower soup, but it has no abnormal odor. This is a typical rotavirus infection. Rotavirus may be accompanied by some food poisoning, including Escherichia coli, which are diseases that children are particularly susceptible to in autumn.

　　What emergency treatment should parents do if the child suddenly has abdominal pain? Zhang Zhu said that taking rotavirus as an example, most viral enteritis can heal itself, and there can be a slow recovery process in about one to two weeks. However, children will lose some water and salt in the process, so it is particularly important for parents to deal with it scientifically.

　　First of all, don’t eat antibiotics indiscriminately. For example, quinolones can affect children’s cartilage development, and children under 16 are not recommended to eat them, because parents’ indiscriminate use of drugs may bring more serious problems to children.

　　Oral rehydration salts are more practical. It is recommended that families with babies can prepare some oral rehydration salts, which can reasonably supplement the loss of fluids in children’s bodies and supplement certain electrolytes such as potassium, sodium and chlorine. What if there is no rehydration salt at home? You can use orange juice bought in the supermarket to heat and sterilize, and then add a little salt. Because orange juice contains a lot of potassium chloride, plus a little sodium chloride, potassium, sodium, chlorine and other lost electrolytes are available; Orange juice contains high sugar and is a good calorie supplement for children with diarrhea.

　　Liu Cuiying, deputy director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Beijing Children’s Hospital, reminded that the symptoms of rotavirus infection are the most serious for the first time. Parents should not think that rotavirus infection is ordinary diarrhea. Once they find that their children have typical loose stools, or that they have no tears when crying, and their skin is relatively dry, or that they have persistent high fever, a lot of mucus or blood in their stools, acute abdominal pain, and their children are depressed or unable to feed water and food, they must go to the hospital in time.

Photo news ｜ Immersed in the sea of spring flowers

▲ On February 20th, Baitang Garden, Tiaodunhe Park, Liangjiang New District, was full of beautiful plum blossoms.
It’s another year’s flower viewing season, and the beautiful plum flowers in Baitang Garden of Dunhe Park next to Kangzhuang Station of Rail Transit Line 6 are covered with branches. Citizens have invited friends and relatives to swim in this pink flower sea.
▲ On February 20th, Baitang Garden, Tiaodunhe Park, Liangjiang New District, citizens were enjoying themselves in the flower sea.
▲ On February 20th, in Baitang Garden, Tiaodunhe Park, Liangjiang New District, citizens punched in pink flowers and enjoyed the warm sunshine in spring.
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